neuralgia n : acute spasmodic pain along the course of one or more nerves [syn: neuralgy]

English

Noun

1. pathology neurology An acute, severe, intermittent pain that radiates along a nerve.

Synonyms

• neuralgy
• neurodynia

Derived terms

• neuralgic

Translations

See also

• neuritis
• sciatica

Neuralgia is a painful disorder of the nerves. Under the general heading of neuralgia are trigeminal neuralgia (TN), atypical trigeminal neuralgia (ATN), and postherpetic neuralgia (caused by shingles or herpes). Neuralgia is also involved in disorders such as sciatica and brachial plexopathy with neuropathia.

In the case of trigeminal neuralgia the affected nerves are responsible for sensing touch, temperature sensation and pressure sensation in the facial area from the jaw to the forehead. The disorder generally causes short episodes of excruciating pain, usually for less than two minutes and on only one side of the face. The pain can be described in a variety of ways such as "stabbing," "sharp," "like lightning," "burning," and even "itchy". In the atypical form of TN, the pain can also present as severe or merely aching and last for extended periods. The pain associated with TN is recognized as one of the most excruciating pains that can be experienced.

Simple stimuli such as eating, talking, making facial expressions, washing the face, or any light touch or sensation can trigger an attack (even the sensation of a cool breeze). The attacks can occur in clusters, as an isolated attack, or be completly constant. Some patients will have a muscle spasm which led to the original term for TN of "tic douloureux" ("tic", meaning 'spasm', and "douloureux", meaning 'painful', in French).

Neuralgia is a form of chronic pain and can be extremely difficult to diagnose. Postherpetic neuralgia is the easiest to diagnose because it follows an obvious cause (shingles).

Neuralgia is rare, especially in those under 30. Women are more likely to be affected than men, and those over 50 are at the greatest risk. In some cases, multiple sclerosis is related to nerve damage, causing the pain, so doctors will likely ask about family history to help diagnose. Nothing unusual can be seen in brain scans, so diagnosis is usually based on the description of the symptoms.

Medication for seizures has shown promise in managing neuralgia, and some people have found relief with surgery, though not always permanent relief.

Postherpetic neuralgia

Not all of those diagnosed with shingles go on to experience postherpetic neuralgia, which can be more painful than shingles. The pain and sensitivity can last for months or even years. The pain is usually in the form of an intolerable sensitivity to any touch but especially light touch. Postherpetic neuralgia is not restricted to the face; it can occur anywhere on the body but usually occurs at the location of the shingles rash. Depression is not uncommon due to the pain and social isolation during the illness. Treatment for postherpetic neuralgia is the same as for other forms.

Atypical (trigeminal) neuralgia

Atypical Trigeminal Neuralgia (ATN) is a rare form of neuralgia and may also be the most misdiagnosed form. The symptoms can be mistaken for migraines, dental problems such as TMJ, musculoskeletal issues, and hypochondriasis. ATN can have a wide range of symptoms and the pain can fluctuate in intensity from mild aching to a crushing or burning sensation, and also to the extreme pain experienced with the more common trigeminal neuralgia. ATN pain can be described as heavy, aching, and burning. Suffers have a constant migraine-like headache and experience pain in all three trigeminal nerve branches. This includes aching teeth, ear aches, feeling of fullness in sinuses, cheek pain, pain in forehead and temples, jaw pain, pain around eyes, and occasional electric shock-like stabs. Unlike typical neuralgia, this form can also cause pain in the back of the scalp and neck. Pain tends to worsen with talking, facial expressions (such as smiling), chewing, and certain sensations such as breathing in extremely cold air. Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve, infections of the teeth or sinuses, physical trauma, or past viral infections are possible causes of ATN.

Treatment

Treatment options include medicines, surgery, and complementary approaches.

High doses of anticonvulsant medicines—used to block nerve firing— and tricyclic antidepressants are generally effective in treating neuralgia. If medication fails to relieve pain or produces intolerable side effects, surgical treatment may be recommended.

Some degree of facial numbness is expected after most of these procedures, and neuralgia might return despite the procedure’s initial success. Depending on the procedure, other surgical risks include hearing loss, balance problems, infection, and stroke. These surgeries include rhizotomy (which select nerve fibers are destroyed to block pain) and Microvascular decompression (the surgeon moves away the vessels that are compressing the nerve and places a soft cushion between the nerve and the vessels).

Some patients choose to manage neuralgia using complementary techniques, usually in combination with drug treatment. These therapies offer varying degrees of success. Options include acupuncture, biofeedback, vitamin therapy, nutritional therapy, hot-cold compress, and electrical stimulation of the nerves.

Risks

Neuralgia usually goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for extended periods, leading to a great deal of pain and frustration on the part of the patient. This disease has earned the nickname "the suicide disease," due to the unfortunate and drastic steps some have taken when they have been unable to find relief. Patients exhibiting symptoms need to be persistent, and willing to try different doctors to find the help they need.

Sleep deprivation and malnutrition have also been reported as byproducts of the pain. It is possible that there are other triggers or aggravating factors that patients need to learn to recognize to help manage their health. Bright lights, sounds, stress, and poor diet are examples of additional stimuli that can contribute to the condition. The pain can cause nausea, so beyond the obvious need to treat the pain, it is important to be sure to try to get adequate rest and nutrition.

See also

• Nerve
• Neuropathy
• Neuritis
• Cranial nerves

External links

• Good Pictures of the affected nerves
• Trigeminal Neuralgia Association
• Medical Information
• Information on Post herpetic Neuralgia
• Mayo Clinic on Post herpetic Neuralgia
• Mayo Clinic on Trigeminal Neuralgia
• Atypical Neuralgia
• Medical Information on Atypical Neuralgia
• The Story of how one sufferers self diagnosis led to the Microvascular Decompression Operation
• Interesting website of Dr. Ramin Naraghi on neurovascular compression syndromes (NVC)

Literature

• Shankland, Dr. Wesley E. Face the Pain - The Challenge of Facial Pain, (Omega Publishing, 2001) http://www.drshankland.com/ Dr. Shankland is a former associate editor of The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice http://www.cranio.com.
• Carol Jay Levy A Pained Life; A Chronic Pain Journey, (Xlibris 2003) ISBN: 1-4134-0609-2. https://www2.xlibris.com/bookstore/bookdisplay.asp?bookid=18435 Ms. Levy suffered from chronic pain for more than 2 decades. Her book tells the story of her pain and search for relief.
• R.C.Sherriffs 'Journeys End'; one of the lesser characters lies about suffering form Neuralgia in order to achieve a chance to go home.

MS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brain disease, cephalalgia, cerebral palsy, chorea, emotional disorder, epilepsy, falling sickness, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, headache, herpes zoster, ischialgia, migraine, multiple sclerosis, nervous disorder, neuritis, neuropathy, organic psychosis, palsy, polyneuritis, pressure neuropathy, priapism, radiculitis, sciatic neuritis, sciatica, shaking palsy, shingles, spastic paralysis, the jerks, tic douloureux, toxic psychosis